NeoVim Memo
Contents
VIM CHEAT SHEET
1. Reload vimrc
:so % -- reload current file (so = source, % = current file)2. Change file name
:Sex -- split to open an Explorer window
R -- Rename
change name and <CR>3. Movement
3.1 Jumping to the start and end of a code block
[[: sections backward or to the previous ‘{’ in the first column.]]: sections forward or to the next ‘{’ in the first column.[]: sections backward or to the previous ‘}’ in the first column.][: sections forward or to the next ‘}’ in the first column.- mnemonic: Same for
{, diff for},[backward,]forward.
3.2 Jump by sentence
) forward, next sentence
( backward, previous sentence3.3 Jump by paragraph
} forward, next paragraph
{ backward, previous paragraph3.4 Jump to marker
mA mark the current position to register A
`A jump to mark A in the current buffer4. [Placeholder]
5. Windows
5.1 Operate split windows
<C-W> <C-V> split the window vertically
<C-W> <C-S> split the window horizontally
<C-W> _ maximize a window split horizontally
<C-W> | maximize a window split vertically
<C-W> = adjust split windows to equal size
[N]<C-W> +/- adjust current window height by [N] rows more/less
[N]<C-W> </> adjust current window width by [N] cols more/less
<C-W> r rotate split windows, can swap two split windows5.2 Close windows
<C-W> c close the current window
<C-W> o same to `:on[ly]`, close other windows except the current
ZZ same to `:x`, write if modified, then close the current5.3 Move a window to another tab
:tab sp/vs Duplicate current buffer in another tab
<C-W> T Move the current window to another tab5.4 Open N files in N windows
vim -O <f1> <f2> ... <fN> vertical splits (side by side) by vertical `|`
vim -o <f1> <f2> ... <fN> horizontal splits (stacked) by horizontal `-`5.5 Open N files in N tabs
vim -p <f1> <f2> ... <fN>6. Editing remote files with netrw
- vim scp://rpi-lan//home/pi/tmp/a Note: proto://<connect_string>/<abs_path>, double slashes needed
% -- Create a new file
d -- Create a directory7. Insert output of external command
:read !date<cr> -- Insert a date in the next line
:read !date<cr>kJ -- Insert a date in the current line
:read !date +'\%a \%Y-\%m-\%d \%T \%Z' (Note: '%' need to be escaped)
-- Insert a long format date in 24hr mode with weekday and
timezone8. Vimscript
8.1 line continuation
Add a backslash in the next line make sure the backslash is the first
non-white character.
```
let a = "Hello,
\world!
\ This i
\s a test of
\ line continuation."
echo a
- Output:
Hello, world! This is a test of line continuation.
```
9. Lua:
9.1 vim.o, vim.go, vim.bo/vim.wo, vim.g and vim.b, etc.
set options: (set, setg, setl)
vim.o ~ vim.opt, vim.go ~ setg(lobal), vim.bo/vim.wo ~ setl(ocal)
set variables: (8 scopes, let b:/w:/t:/g:/l:/s:/a:/v:) and vim.env (see
expand-env and :let-environment)
e.g. vim.g.<var> = <val> ~ let g:<var> = <val>
vim.env.FOO = 'bar'
print(vim.env.TERM)
NOTE: vim.opt seems to be safer than vim.o, because it seems that some options
cannot be set by vim.o10. Add my personal Nvim notes to Vim help doc system.
- Add a directory entry to
vim.runtimepath, then thedocdirectory under it will be in the search list when typing :h - generate tags for
docby:helptags doc - By default,
:help <topic>opens the topic file in read-only mode, becausemodifiableoption is set off by help. Turn it on byset nomodifiable.
11. Show current buffer file’s full path: <c-g>
12. Neovim terminal mode
<C-\> <C-N> change to normal mode
a/i/A/I ... change to append/insert... mode13. Enter Ex mode by gQ, exit the mode by :vi
14. In Ex mode, use lua print(<api call>) to quickly check command output.
14.1 Example lua print(vim.fn.expand('%'))
15. Since 0.9, :=<var> will show variable value.
16. Char count :s/,//gn count how many commas in a line
17. Remove all the trailing whitespaces for each line in file.
:%s/\s\+$//e
18. Show man page about the word under the current cursor:
`gK` map('n', 'gK', '<Cmd>Man<CR>', {desc = 'Show man page for <cword>'})
`K` remap vim.lsp.buf.hover() by lsp19. LSP
- Go to definition: `tagfunc` (`C-]` and other tag commands)
- Completion: `omnifunc`
- Format: `formatexpr`
+ vim.lsp.buf.format() - buf level format(`<leader>lf`)
+ `gq` - selection (expression) level format
+ `gw` - selection (expression) wrap according `textwidth`
- Hover:
+ vim.lsp.buf.hover()(`<leader>gh`, press twice to focus on the float win.)
- Show diagnostic message in a float window: `gl`
+ Map `gl` to `:lua vim.diagnostic.open_float()<CR>`
+ press `gl` twice, to focus on the float window, then select and yank
message text.
- nvim-lspconfig:
+ default server configurations:
+ lspconfig/server_configurations/*.lua
+ can be called automatically by `mason-lspconfig` plugin
- Java (jdtls):
+ nvim-lspconfig:
+ nvim-lspconfig/lua/lspconfig/configs/jdtls.lua
+ nvim-lspconfig/doc/configs.md
+ nvim-lspconfig/doc/configs.txt
+ nvim-jdtls:
+ nvim-jdtls/README.md
+ nvim-jdtls/lua/jdtls.lua
+ nvim-jdtls/lua/jdtls/setup.lua
+ nvim-jdtls/plugin/nvim_jdtls.vim
+ LazyVim
+ LazyVim/lua/lazyvim/plugins/extras/lang/java.lua20. :map-cmd
- This pseudokey begins a “command mapping”, which executes the command without
changing modes. “
… ” can be used instead of “:… ” in the {rhs} of a mapping.
21. <C-R><C-W> insert the word under the cursor. See h:<C-R>
22. Debug Neovim instance in Neovim. See :h osv and
23. To see last command output like :!mvn test
`g<`
24. Quickly switch between current and last buffer
`<C-6>`
25. Draw a table, especially add a column on the right side of a file
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ C Operator precedence table │
│ operator associativity │
│ () [] -> . L │
│ ! ~ ++ -- - (type) * & sizeof R │
│ * / % L │
│ + - L │
│ << >> L │
│ < <= > >= L │
│ == != L │
│ & L │
│ ^ L │
│ | L │
│ && L │
│ || L │
│ ?: R │
│ assignments R │
│ , L │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Note: To draw a table, espectially a column on the right side (meaning
the cursor needs to be positioned where there is no actual character.)
Two options need to be set, `:set ve=block`, `:set nosol` (virtualedit,
nostartofline)
Another method is to make use of `column -t` to pretty print,
visual select some lines and add <some character> at the end of each
line by `:norm A <some character>` and then makes it align like a table
by `:! column -t`. If the whole file is to be edited, add "%" after ":"
for each command.
See [How to insert a column on the right side of a file][1]
26. Visual block edit
insert a column ((+1) rows) of text
<C-v><j>jI<text>Note: If the block spans short lines that do not extend into the block, the text is not inserted in that line.
append a column of text after block selection, use A instead of I
Note:
<C-v><j>j$A<text> append text to the end of each line in the block
user a character to fill a rectangle of (+1) x (+1) size.
<C-v><j>j<l>lr<c>Note:
r: replace with
change a column of A to B, use c command.
Change LIST to ARRAY
<C-V>8jt_cARRAY<Esc> LIST_BOOLEAN ARRAY_BOOLEAN
LIST_BYTE ARRAY_BYTE
LIST_CHARACTER ARRAY_CHARACTER
LIST_SHORT ARRAY_SHORT
LIST_INTEGER --> ARRAY_INTEGER
LIST_LONG ARRAY_LONG
LIST_FLOAT ARRAY_FLOAT
LIST_DOUBLE ARRAY_DOUBLE
LIST_STRING ARRAY_STRINGChange _XXXX to FOO
A<Space><Space><Esc><C-V>8jT_cFOO<Esc> LIST_BOOLEAN LIST_FOO
LIST_BYTE LIST_FOO
LIST_CHARACTER LIST_FOO
LIST_SHORT LIST_FOO
LIST_INTEGER --> LIST_FOO
LIST_LONG LIST_FOO
LIST_FLOAT LIST_FOO
LIST_DOUBLE LIST_FOO
LIST_STRING LIST_FOOBonus: Change FOO in the 2nd column to 1~9
v8j:'<,'>s/_\w\+\ze\s*$/\="_".(line(".")-line("'<")+1)/ LIST_BOOLEAN LIST_1
LIST_BYTE LIST_2
LIST_CHARACTER LIST_3
LIST_SHORT LIST_4
LIST_INTEGER LIST_5
LIST_LONG LIST_6
LIST_FLOAT LIST_7
LIST_DOUBLE LIST_8
LIST_STRING LIST_9NOTE:
\=: switches to expression evaluationline("."): current line number being substitutedline("'<"): line number of the start of the visual selection\ze\s*$: the\zesets the end of match, ensuring it only replace the suffix at the end of the line (i.e. the second column)
27. tpope/vim-surround
Builtin surrounding characters <, t, a (see :h surround)
#include "unistd.h"
// cs"< % < will trigger a prompt for a tag name to insert
#include <hello>unistd.h</hello>
// cs"t % t also represents a tag, same to <
#include <hello>unistd.h</hello>
// cs"a % a represents angle
#include <unistd.h>Surround the whole line by ()
yss) A == B --> (A == B)28. Type a strikethrough letter a̶b̶c̶ X̶Y̶Z̶
- By appending the Unicode “long strike overlay combining character” (’\u0336’)
<letter><CTRL-v>u0336
29. Registers
10 Types:
- The unnamed register ""
- 10 numbered registers “0 to “9
- The small delete register “-
- 26 named registers “a to “z or “A to “Z
- Three read-only registers “:, “., “%
- Alternate buffer register “#
- The expression register “=
- The selection registers “* and “+
- The black hole register “_
- Last search pattern register “/
Ex1. Copy a selection to “1, paste “1 to the target position
"1yiw -- Copy the word at the current cursor to "1
-- Move to the target position
-- Method 1: change to insert mode and
<C-R>1 -- Paste "1, <C-R> {register}: Insert the contents of a
-- numbered or named register.
"1p(P) -- Method 2: Just paste (p: after cursor, P: before cursor)Ex2. Evaluate an expression and put the result in the target position
12345 * 56789 = 701060205 -- suppose the cursor is at 1
yf9A<Space><C-R>=<C-R>"<CR> -- yank the expression and prepare to append
-- text at the end of line (after "= "), then
-- call expression register, paste the yanked
-- expression and press <Enter> to append the
-- result.
1 + sqrt(2) = 2.414214
yf)A<Space><C-R>=<C-R>"<CR>
sin(3.14159 / 6) = 0.5
yf)A<Space><C-R>=<C-R>"<CR>